LDN Fund and LDN TAF Case Study
商业模式：
榛子生产
Financing:
Profit-sharing loan of US $9 million to further scale up operations
Context
农业，林业，旅游业以及向印度出售水力发电占不丹经济的很大一部分。它的人口中有70％居住在农村地区，大多数人都依赖生存农业。小农户面临的限制包括其土地架的尺寸很小，获得技术和投入的机会有限（包括农场劳动力），由于气候变化而改变的天气模式，以及由于基础设施开发较差而获得的市场渠道有限。不丹的典型农村家庭获得的现金收入相对较低，并且随着从农村到城市地区的移民的增加，由于城市中竞争的生计机会，很难找到农场劳动力。
不丹拥有各种各样的生态系统 - 从喜马拉雅山的高山区到印度边境的亚热带洪泛区 - 并展示了世界上主要的生物多样性热点之一。但是，由于这个地理位置 - 特别是气候寒冷的陡坡 - 不到3％的土地是可耕种的，并且由于退化而碎裂了很大一部分。
Rural-urban migration in Bhutan
The rural population grew at an annual rate of only 0.6% from 1985-2005, compared to an urban population growth rate of 6.1% (population census, 2005). In a study of rural- urban migration in 2004, almost half of rural households (47%) reported that one or more family members had migrated. That trend has accelerated in the subsequent 15 years. Due to this demographic shift, there are indications that the rural workforce is aging faster than that in urban areas, further restricting labor supply. In addition, it appears that access to labor is constrained on the demand side by the inability of farmers to pay the wage rates required to compete with urban employment (FAO, 2012).
背景
Partly in response to these challenges, Mountain Hazelnuts was founded in 2009 as Bhutan’s first 100% foreign direct investment. Its mission was and is to create a profitable business that provides long-term income for vulnerable rural communities by planting 10 million hazelnut trees that restore degraded mountain slopes. The company works with Himalayan smallholder families and community groups (e.g. nunneries and cooperatives) to provide additional income-generating opportunities that also help restore the nation’s fallow and degraded land. In line with a Memorandum of Understanding signed with the government of Bhutan, Mountain Hazelnuts buys all harvested nuts according to a guaranteed price structure that removes market risk for the growers and ensures a profitable crop.
有兴趣参与的种植者适用于山榛子，在休耕或退化的土地上种植榛子。该公司检查每个地点在设计和种植果园之前考虑生态影响。仅对符合约定原则的那些网站获得批准。在国家一级，已经建立了Mountain Harvest活动与该国的LDN目标设定计划之间的联系。
资本和服务流
商业模式
山榛子currently works with more than 12,000 smallholder families and community groups across the country to produce and harvest hazelnuts. Growers are provided with hazelnut trees and inputs, plus training on good agricultural practices, followed by bi-monthly visits from local Mountain Hazelnuts staff from its 200-person Field Extension team. Mountain Hazelnuts buys all harvested nuts of acceptable quality, transports the nuts to its processing plant for further drying, size sorting, and various value-adding processes, in preparation for export to international markets. To date, more than 7 million hazelnuts trees have been planted exclusively on fallow or degraded land, and hazelnut trees are perfectly suited to Bhutan’s mountainous conditions and climate. At full maturity, the company expects an average yield of more than 4 kg per tree.
该模型非常适合不丹的社会经济状况。与其他潜在的经济作物相比，榛子不需要农民的大量前期投资。该模型具有包容性：妇女或老年人倾向于较少的财务安全，可能会降低维护作物。增量收入也很重要：普通的果园预计将翻一番典型的农村家庭收入。
By tracking key performance indicators (KPIs), including environmental and social KPIs, on a quarterly basis, the organization tracks whether (and how fast) it is achieving its impact and business objectives. Quarterly reviews of the resulting data allow management to adapt operational plans as necessary, ensuring key impact targets are achieved.
Investment
目的：进一步扩大山榛子的运营。
类型和金额：利润共享贷款总计900万美元。该融资将根据运营里程碑以多个分支发布。
期间：10年。
Risk management
关键风险的管理如下：
技术援助
LDN TAF进一步增强了榛子生产和土地修复公司的环境和社会影响，从而降低了投资风险。它通过提供以下支持领域来做到这一点：
- 果园和产量优化，由第三方专家建议，土壤和叶子分析以及用于果园地图和维护的无人机支持。
- 用于实施雨水灌溉技术的非本地可用材料。
- 开发用于收获前机械化所需的小型设备的成本共享模型，以及优化收获后加工和购买材料的干燥过程的专家建议，用于其他干衣机。
- Partnership with the Loden Foundation (leading Bhutanese civil society organization) to provide zero-interest loans to (young and female) entrepreneurs to encourage establishment of businesses along the hazelnut value chain.
- 加速雨林联盟认证过程。
- 设置LDN基线并监视进度以推动适应性管理并最大化不丹的恢复回报。
©2018 Bryan Watt
LDN
Current status:
LDN基线证实：
- 7.8% of the investment landscape identified as degraded compared to 5.9% within the wider region;
- 72.2％的投资区域分类为草原或农田；
- 在休耕地，土壤有机碳含量每公顷73.9吨碳的碳含量为73.9吨，而榛子果园中至少6岁的土壤有机碳含量为85.9吨C/公顷。
预计影响:
1000万个榛子树在休耕或退化的土地上种植，促成LDN。预计该项目干预措施将在范围内所有榛子果园上有助于LDN。虽然预计土地生产率不会显着变化（尽管一旦树木成熟到成熟后可能会有所不同），但预计由山榛子管理的地区的木质覆盖范围会增加，并且土壤有机碳储备的大幅增加，从而实现总体上LDN。
社区生计
Current status:
较早的一项研究证实，供应链中有65％的户主没有正规教育，但是现在有62％的人把所有的孩子都送上了学校。现在，大约90％的榛子种植者可以在步行五个小时内进入医疗机构。尽管农村农业社区之间的整体金融素养往往很低，但有67％的受益人拥有银行帐户，这是朝着更大的财务授权迈出的第一步。
预计影响:
预计参与农民家庭的收入增加了一倍；全面，这将包括通过果园种植和榛子价值链（包括加工和提供商品和服务）的不丹人口的15％。
性别
Current status:
超过5,000个由女性领导的农户是该项目价值链的一部分。此外，目前，来自农村社区的260多名不丹妇女直接受到山榛子的直接雇用，为他们的健康和个人理财提供培训和支持。
预计影响:
At scale, at least half of the 15,000 growers involved in the hazelnut cultivation will be women-led.
气候
Current status:
in 2019, Mountain Hazelnuts reduced 48,000 MT of carbon emissions.
预计影响:
估计有1.5 mtco2eq将被果园隔离。
森林
Current status:
The investment landscape is dominated by tree-covered areas (81.2%) compared to only 25.3 % within the region. As such, by promoting yield optimization and benefits on the land in scope, restoration of degraded areas is prioritized, and degradation of forests avoided.
变革理论
Key lessons for stakeholders
公私社区合作伙伴关系的模型将公司与政府及其人民紧密联系，创造协同作用并促进当地经济发展。
最初衡量影响力时，山榛子对女性雇员的影响与对女性种植者的影响混合在一起，模糊了获得职业机会和更好的女性生计之间的界限。通过与之合作Business Call to Action on the Impact Champions Programme，该公司已经更好地阐明了山榛子对不同利益相关者群体的影响，包括将对女性雇员的影响与对女性种植者的影响分开。这有助于该公司改善其运营决策以及为企业及其利益相关者推动价值。
The use of data and rigorous monitoring can help drive business ambitions while leveraging impact creation. For example, from a baseline survey conducted in 2018, Mountain Hazelnuts found that cultivating hazelnuts is most growers’ first exposure to caring for tree crops. As such, this led to an increased operational focus on field staff teaching growers good orchard- management practices, including planting, fencing, weeding, irrigation, mulching, pruning, and harvesting.
© 2017 Bryan Watt
