2022年12月，欧洲议会与欧盟政府达成了初步协议关于无砍伐产品的新法律。虽然这个消息收到了积极的媒体报道在欧洲，它重新点燃了一些贸易紧张局势with producing countries, demonstrating further the complexity of designing sustainability related regulations in a globalized economy.
尽管非常欢迎解决森林砍伐的意图，但对法规采取的方法有一些担忧。实际上，它可能导致清洁与森林砍伐相关的商品的供应链，而不会对森林砍伐率产生太大影响。一些初始研究表明它可以导致交易者重组供应链，并将无林木的产品重新定向到欧盟市场，而不合规的产品流向具有较低进口标准的市场。由于该法规需要从土地层面的情节中完全可追溯性，因此风险还包括交易者远离目前正在从目前采购的数十万个小农民，因为将它们绘制出来并证明他们是无砍伐的人是复杂且昂贵的。
包括IDH在内的几个组织都研究了景观方法如何减轻法规的负面影响。景观方法refer to多方利益相关者的合作，使地理区域内外的利益相关者与景观级别的目标和行动保持一致，并提高该领域的可持续性绩效。这些方法可以帮助脱离风险的小农户提供链条，并将更多的资源传递到高风险的采购领域，以防止未来的森林砍伐。
关于如何将景观方法纳入法规的一些早期建议是由IDH和Proforest提出的joint publication去年发布。尽管这些建议还没有达到最终法规，但有迹象表明，这些方法正在引发公司的利益：2021年，公司致力于投资于2030年到2030年的采购范围的公司进行投资雷竞技下载网址CGF森林积极联盟行动。In 2022, the number of companies disclosing engagements in landscape or jurisdictional approaches toCDP与上一年相比，四倍至191。
A recent publication from TFA, Proforest and CDP (Company Landscape Engagement for Cocoa Sustainability：进步和前进的道路）更仔细地关注其中29个在可可地区和订婚的案例。它对公司的动机以及景观方法如何帮助他们解决供应链中的森林砍伐提供了更深入的了解。
自2017年以来，在可可行业中，减少价值链条森林砍伐的承诺已大大增加， 当。。。的时候可可和森林倡议（CFI）启动。CFI现在将来自可可行业，加纳政府和科特迪瓦政府的36家公司汇集到一个旨在结束可可森林森林砍伐并恢复退化地区的平台。最早在2017年，CFI将景观方法确定为实施其承诺的一种方式，CFI Framework for Action。There are several landscape initiatives currently active under CFI, and the signatories are now looking at expanding these to all CFI priority landscapes and forests with support from IDH and the World Cocoa Foundation.
虽然几年前，该行业犹豫不决地进行真正的竞争性合作，但头脑似乎已经改变了cocoa landscape reporthelps understand the companies’ motivation to engage. Companies interviewed for the publication see landscape approaches as a way to address systemic issues and achieve their sustainability commitments in cocoa-sourcing regions, as well as protecting their reputation. They understand that they can’t solve sustainability issues on their own, and that these approaches can help them build strong collaboration with multiple actors in sourcing regions, for changes to be secured in the long term.
By collaborating with others, companies are also able to leverage and mobilize additional sources of funding (private, public as well as blended finance) for climate, biodiversity, and restoration. According to the publication, companies also expect that engaging beyond their supply chain can help reduce emissions from forests and land-use change, which in turn may contribute to their ability to meet their climate goals.
Deforestation rates in cocoa producing countries Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana are allegedly no longer increasing at the same pace as in the previous decade, but the situation is still worrisome as the trend has not yet turned to a net-positive result for forest cover.At the same time, the Congo Basin is under growing deforestation pressure with cocoa playing a prominent role in that.
虽然欧盟对森林砍伐的法规将加速公司为追溯性的努力，但确保可可供应链没有森林砍伐也将需要加速在景观级别的竞争前协作中的参与度。在本文中，我们希望邀请尚未参与景观计划的公司认真研究他们如何将这些方法纳入其供应链策略。
